home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03863}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Ichthyosis, Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome}
- $Subject{Ichthyosis, Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome Chanarin Dorfman Disease
- Disorder of Cornification 12 (Neutral Lipid Storage Type) DOC 12 (Neutral
- Lipid Storage Type) Dorfman Chanarin Syndrome Ichthyosiform Erythroderma with
- Leukocyte Vacuolation Ichthyotic Neutral Lipid Storage Disease Neutral Lipid
- Storage Disease Triglyceride Storage Disease, with Impaired Long-Chain Fatty
- Acid Oxidation Ichthyosis Ichthyosis Congenita CHILD Syndrome (Congenital
- Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform erythroderma and Limb Defects; Ichthyosiform
- Erythroderma, Unilateral, with Ipsilateral Malformations, especially Absence
- Deformity of Limbs)}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 548:
- Ichthyosis, Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome
-
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Chanarin Dorfman Disease
- Disorder of Cornification 12 (Neutral Lipid Storage Type)
- DOC 12 (Neutral Lipid Storage Type)
- Dorfman Chanarin Syndrome
- Ichthyosiform Erythroderma with Leukocyte Vacuolation
- Ichthyotic Neutral Lipid Storage Disease
- Neutral Lipid Storage Disease
- Triglyceride Storage Disease, with Impaired Long-Chain Fatty Acid
- Oxidation
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Ichthyosis
- Ichthyosis Congenita
- CHILD Syndrome (Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform erythroderma
- and Limb Defects; Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Unilateral, with Ipsilateral
- Malformations, especially Absence Deformity of Limbs).
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder of fat (lipid)
- metabolism. It is characterized by scaly skin (ichthyosis), degeneration of
- the muscles (myopathy), and abnormal white blood cells with small spaces
- (vacuoles) filled with fat (lipids).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome is characterized by moderately red, itchy, dry skin
- and other skin changes (eczematous dermatitis). Prominent fat (lipid)
- droplets appear in most circulating white blood cells. Lipid droplets are
- also present in numerous other cells, including those of the skin and the
- ducts of sweat glands.
-
- Degeneration of the muscles may be identified through neurologic testing,
- and muscle enzyme levels in the blood are elevated. The liver biopsy samples
- of all patients have shown severe fatty change, but this may not be reflected
- in liver function studies. Both nerve deafness and cataracts are present in
- some patients with Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome. Abnormally slow development
- and growth may also be symptoms of this disorder.
-
- Causes
-
- Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome is a hereditary disorder transmitted by autosomal
- recessive genes. The metabolic defect causing this disorder is not well
- understood. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the
- product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from
- the father and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition
- does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each
- parent. If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the
- person will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms.
- The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of
- whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty
- percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above.
- Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one
- from each parent and will be genetically normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome is a very rare disorder which tends to affect
- persons of Middle Eastern or Mediterranean descent. It affects males and
- females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Chanarin
- Dorfman Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- "Ichthyoses" or "Disorders of Cornification" are general terms describing
- a group of scaly skin disorders. They are characterized by an abnormal
- accumulation of large amounts of dead skin cells (squames) in the top layer
- of the skin. The conversion of an abnormally large number of epidermal cells
- into squamous cells is thought to be caused by a defect in the metabolism of
- skin cells known as "corneocytes" or of the fat-rich matrix around these
- cells. The cells can be thought of as bricks, while the matrix would be the
- mortar holding these cells together. (For more information, choose
- "Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- CHILD Syndrome (Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform erythroderma
- and Limb Defects; Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Unilateral, with Ipsilateral
- Malformations, especially Absence Deformity of Limbs) is a rare, hereditary
- disorder characterized by scaly red skin (ichthyosis) and deformities of the
- limbs on one side of the body. It occurs much more frequently in males than
- in females.
-
- Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby; Congenital Ichthyosiform
- Erythroderma; Desquamation of Newborn) is an inherited skin disorder. It is
- characterized by generalized, abnormally red (erythroderma), dry and rough
- skin with large, coarse scales. Itchiness usually also develops. Skin on
- the palms of the hands and soles of the feet is abnormally thick. (For more
- information, choose "Ichthyosis Congenita" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database.)
-
- Other forms of Ichthyosis include Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome, Netherton
- Syndrome, Ichthyosis Hystrix, Lamellar Ichthyosis, Refsum Syndrome, Darier
- Disease, Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome, Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome, and
- Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis. (Choose the appropriate name as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Diagnosis of Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome can be made when a smear of blood
- taken from a finger, toe, heel, or ear shows fat droplets in certain white
- blood cells. Dermatologic symptoms are treated by applying skin softening
- (emollient) ointments, preferably plain petroleum jelly. This can be
- especially effective after bathing while the skin is still moist. Salicylic
- acid gel is another particularly effective ointment. The skin should be
- covered at night with an airtight, waterproof dressing when this ointment is
- used. Lactate lotion can also be an effective treatment for this disorder.
-
- Drugs derived from Vitamin A (retinoids) such as tretinoin, motretinide,
- and etretinate can be effective against skin symptoms of Chanarin Dorfman
- Syndrome, but can cause toxic effects on the bones in some cases. A
- synthetic derivative of Vitamin A, isotretinoin, when taken by pregnant
- women, can cause severe birth defects to the fetus. These Vitamin A
- compounds have not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration
- (FDA) for treatment of Ichthyosis.
-
- Treatment of other features of Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome is symptomatic
- and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases is
- looking for patients with various kinds of Ichthyosis willing to participate
- in research aimed at mapping the genes responsible for their disorder.
- Interested persons may contact:
-
- Dr. Sherri Bale
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 402-2679
-
- The orphan product Monolaurin (Glylorin) is being tested for treatment of
- Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome. The product is manufactured by:
-
- Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- 371 Bel Marin Keys, Suite 210
- Novato, CA 94949
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- May 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types, Inc. (F.I.R.S.T.)
- P.O. Box 20921
- Raleigh, NC 27619-0921
- (919) 782-5728
- (800) 545-3286
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- Information Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- GENETICALLY TRANSMITTED, GENERALIZED DISORDERS OF CORNIFICATION. THE
- ICHTHYOSES: M.L. Williams, et al.; Dermatol Clin (January 1987: issue 5(1)).
- Pp. 155-178.
-
- THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTATE 12% LOTION IN THE TREATMENT OF
- ICHTHYOSIS. ACTIVE VERSUS VEHICLE AND ACTIVE VERSUS A PETROLEUM CREAM: M.
- Buxman, et al.; Journal Am Acad Dermatol (December 1986: issue 15(6)). Pp.
- 1253-1258.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 1285-1286.
-
- DORFMAN-CHANARIN SYNDROME. A CASE REPORT AND A REVIEW: A. Srebrnik, et
- al.; Journal Am Acad Dermatol (November 1987: issue 17(5 Pt 1)). Pp. 801-
- 808.
-
-